The reconstructed Outer South Gate and earthen walls, December 2025. Rebuilt in wood to match the site's grandest period (762–780), the gate opened to the public in April 2025.

Themes

Japan's ancient fortresses

Seventh-century mountain fortresses in western Japan, built against invasion from the continent; frontier forts of the imperial court in the north. Nearly a thousand years older than samurai castles.

掬茶CC BY-SA 4.0Wikimedia Commons

31 selected castles