PMN (PMN地雷)

One of the anti-personnel mines most often found in Cambodia. Many still remain in the long mine belt called the K5, built along the border with Thailand.

Classification: Anti-personnel mine

If you find one: If you find something that might be a landmine or unexploded ordnance, never approach or touch it. Leave the area and tell an adult, the police, or the local authorities.

History

In Cambodia, civil war continued even after the Vietnamese army toppled the Khmer Rouge regime in 1979, and it is estimated that all the warring factions together laid about 4 million landmines by the end of 1998. In the mid-1980s, the government side of the time built a mine belt called the K5 along the Thai border. Its reported length varies by source, from about 750 km to 1,046 km, but it is considered one of the most densely mined places in the world. GICHD (the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining) reports that the PMN and PMN-2 mines remaining in the K5 are highly durable mines that stay functional more than 30 years after being laid. (Target year: 2018) [Ref 0096][Ref 0102][Ref 0103][Ref 0104]

Dangers

This is an anti-personnel mine that explodes when stepped on. It can keep its explosive power even after many years. If you find something that might be a landmine, never go near it, never touch it, and tell an adult or an organization such as CMAC right away.

Impact

Across Cambodia, more than 65,000 people are recorded as killed or injured by landmines and unexploded ordnance since 1979, and about 18,800 of them died (this is not a figure for the PMN alone; it is the total as posted by the HALO Trust — for the latest cumulative figures from CMVIS, see the statistics page). (Target year: 2025) [Ref 0099][Ref 0100]

Current status

Parts of the K5 mine belt along the Thai border are reported to still contain mines at a density as high as about 2,400 mines per kilometer. As more people move to the border area to open farmland, residents are increasingly exposed to the danger of landmines. (Target year: 2018) [Ref 0102]

Sources & references

  1. Ref 0096

    Landmine Monitor Report 2010 — Cambodia: Mine Action(external site)

    Publisher: Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor (ICBL-CMC) / Published: 2010 / Target year: 2009-2010 / Accessed: 2026-07-11 / Reliability: B

  2. Ref 0098

    APMBC Article 7 Transparency Report (reporting period to 31 December 2017)(external site)

    Publisher: Kingdom of Cambodia (対人地雷禁止条約事務局サイト掲載) / Target year: 2017 / Accessed: 2026-07-11 / Reliability: A

  3. Ref 0099

    Cambodia: demining to protect children(カンボジア事業紹介ページ)(external site)

    Publisher: The HALO Trust / Target year: 2024-2025 / Accessed: 2026-07-11 / Reliability: B

  4. Ref 0100

    Cambodia(カンボジア事業紹介ページ)(external site)

    Publisher: MAG (Mines Advisory Group) / Accessed: 2026-07-11 / Reliability: B

  5. Ref 0102

    Management of Residual Explosive Remnants of War in Cambodia(external site)

    Publisher: GICHD (ジュネーブ国際人道的地雷除去センター) / Published: 2018-05 / Target year: 2018 / Accessed: 2026-07-11 / Reliability: B

  6. Ref 0103

    The Humanitarian and Developmental Impact of Anti-Vehicle Mines(external site)

    Publisher: GICHD (ジュネーブ国際人道的地雷除去センター) / Published: 2014-09 / Target year: 2013 / Accessed: 2026-07-11 / Reliability: B

  7. Ref 0104

    Article 5 Extension Request 2019(第2次延長申請・国家地雷対策戦略2018-2025を含む)(external site)

    Publisher: Kingdom of Cambodia / CMAA (対人地雷禁止条約事務局サイト掲載) / Published: 2019 / Target year: 2018-2019 / Accessed: 2026-07-11 / Reliability: A

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